A Timeline of India-Pakistan Conflicts: From 1947 to Operation Sindoor in 2025:

Suspense crime, Digital Desk : From the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, they have had conflicts and strained diplomatic relationships. While tensions seem to cool off following the Pahalgam terror attack of April 22, disagreements remain, and diplomatic conflicts will not be resolving anytime soon. Below are key highlights regarding the ongoing issues.

1. 1947 – 1949: The First Indo-Pakistani War

This conflict began when tribal militias struck Jammu and Kashmir, which was a region in Pakistan. This militia was backed by Pakistan. As a result, Maharaja Hari Singh acceded to India, forcing military action to be taken and India intervened. The border ceasefire that was later established under the supervision of the UN partitioned Kashmir to India.

Results: India ended up controlling approximately 60% of the region while Pakistan was left with 40%.

2. 1965: The Second Indo-Pak War - Operation Gibraltar.

Pakistan started a rebellion in Kashmir called Operation Gibraltar. To add in further debt, Pakistanis lost the Kashmir War as well. using large forces simultaneously resulted in Civil War. Things cooled when the UN intervened, and later an agreement endorsed by Tashkent was formed.

Results: India remained unscathed and repelled the attack successfully.

3. 1971: Third Indo-Pak War And The Creation Of Bangladesh.

This attack was nearly a decade sustained tensions oscillating as a result of the Political and The humanitarian crisis in Bangladesh. This civil conflict forced India to step in to foster these issues on extreme levels. This blamed-attack ended after Bangladeshes surrendered to Pakistan which was illegal and they thus became free.

Result: An overwhelming Indian military victory alongside the establishment of Bangladesh.

4. 1999: The Kargil Conflict

Infiltration of Indian positions in Kargil by Pakistani soldiers and militants sparked a brutal high-altitude war. India initiated Operation Vijay to take back the held peaks.

Result: All intruded territories were regained by India.

5. 2016: Uri Attack and Surgical Strikes

An armed attack on Indian soldiers in Uri on September 18, 2016, claimed the lives of 19 soldiers. India struck back with surgical strikes on terrorist launch pads across the Line of Control (LoC).

Result: Marked a shift in India’s military strategy, executing bold preemptive strikes.

6. 2019: Pulwama Attack and Balakot Airstrike

Pulwama witnessed a suicide bombing that resulted in the death of 40 CRPF personnel. In retaliation, India executed airstrikes in Balakot aimed at Jaish-e-Mohammed camps, which was unprecedented since 1971. Following those, there were aerial exchanges where Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthaman was momentarily detained and subsequently released by Pakistan.

Result: Demonstrated strong air power and strategic determination.

7. 2025: Pahalgam Terror Attack and Operation Sindoor

The Pahalgam terror attack on April 22 which killed 26 people prompted India to launch Operation Sindoor on May 7. The operation is claimed to have eliminated close to 100 terrorists, including some involved in the 26/11 Mumbai attacks.

Result: Marked ever-changing counter-terror operation which showcases India’s enhanced military capabilities.